Barzun, Jacques (1989). Clio and the Doctors: Psycho-History, Quanto-History and History. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p.3. ISBN 9780226038513 . Retrieved 30 July 2017. Sanchez Da Motta, Bernardo (2005). Do Enigma de Rennes-le-Château ao Priorado de Siao – Historia de um Mito Moderno. Esquilo. Like celebrity, fake tells the story of us. “Fake news”, Donald Trump spluttered into his presidential covfefe in 2017 – and a meme was born. a b Shermer, Michael; Grobman, Alex (2009). Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It?. Oakland, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26098-6.

Of course all societies have myths, and they always have done. But a myth isn’t the same as a lie, unless you are seriously going to argue that all societies since the Egyptians and the Persians have been barefaced liars. Is it a “lie”, as English suggests, that the Little Ships were crucial at Dunkirk? Surely not. At worst, it’s an exaggeration, a patriotic myth, central to the national narrative both at the time and afterwards. And in any case, there are already hundreds, perhaps even thousands of history books putting Dunkirk into a wider context, and gently debunking the Little Ships story. Is English really so arrogant that he thinks he’s breaking new ground? Third, those who promote false history often omit key statements by the nation’s founders and other historical figures. For example, many now interpret the Constitution’s protection of our freedoms as meaning a person can do almost anything that he desires. However, this was not the founders’ intent, nor does it reflect their understanding of the nature of freedom. George Washington, for example, warned of an unbridled democracy, one that has gone out of control, in which citizens take their liberties as license. Nevertheless, he was confident that this could be avoided if moral education was taught in the schools. Dobbs, Gregory. "Otto English on the myths of 'Fake Heroes' ". Good Reading . Retrieved 8 October 2023. In the process of this historical revision, the definition of aggressor and victim was often changed to “winner” and “loser.” Using this definition, it does not much matter who fired the first shot or who dropped the first bomb, but rather who won the war. The winners of wars and successful nations of the world are, by definition, the guilty ones and the aggressors. In contrast, the losers and struggling nations of the world are the victims. Meanwhile, suspicions about the validity of the letter were raised, and enquiries ensued. When it was determined that the letter was indeed a forgery, the Treasury sent the following press release to the editors of the London evening papers:

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Pseudohistory and Pseudoscience" Program in the History of Science and Technology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Marchand, Laure; Perrier, Guillaume (2015). Turkey and the Armenian Ghost: On the Trail of the Genocide. McGill-Queen's Press. pp.111–112. ISBN 978-0-7735-9720-4. The Iğdır genocide monument is the ultimate caricature of the Turkish government's policy of denying the 1915 genocide by rewriting history and transforming victims into guilty parties. Barrett Brown (27 December 2010). "Neoconfederate civil war revisionism: Those who commemorate the South's fallen heroes are entitled to do so, but not to deny that slavery was the war's prime cause". TheGuardian.com . Retrieved 30 December 2013.

Is neither critical nor skeptical in its reading of ancient historians, taking their claims at face value and ignoring empirical or logical evidence contrary to the claims of the ancients After Waterloo the Prussians went on a looting spree across northern France which prolonged French resistance to them. Wellington’s army did not and paid for its supplies, so there was next to no military resistance to him at all. My worry – as expressed beautifully in this article, is that the first, great narrative is lost in all the revisionist noise. Wellington ‘saved’ by Blucher may or may not be strictly true – but for some, it is a way of undermining a great man’s actual achievements. It is the ‘takeaway’ fact, as if Wellington somehow wasn’t the greatest soldier of the age. Our Fake History is an award-winning podcast about myths people think are history and history that might be hidden in myths. Have you ever heard that old story about how Napoleon shot the nose off the sphinx, or that Shakespeare was an illiterate fraud, or that Queen Elizabeth was actually a man? This show explores those tall-tales and tries to figure out what’s fact, what’s fiction, and what is such a good story it simply must be told. The podcast combines storytelling, humour, and historical detective work to create a show that is good for both history buffs and anyone who loves a good story. Often maintains that there is a conspiracy to suppress its claims because of racism, atheism or ethnocentrism, or because of opposition to its political or religious agenda [9]

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And while it’s tempting to think the rewriting of history is something found exclusively in illiberal or dictatorial systems, it has increasingly become a feature of democracies. Donald Trump’s speech in Warsaw last month strove to cast Poland’s historical struggle for freedom and independence as a “civilisational” battle for family values, “tradition” and “God”, rather than an aspiration to democracy. The narrative entirely left out of the rich and varied political tapestry that gave rise to the solidarity movement. In a strange twist, Trump also drew a parallel between the threat Islamist terrorism poses to “the west” and the “danger” of “bureaucracy and regulation”. His nativist vision of the west as an embattled fortress of Christian nations in cultural danger reflected not only a personal political credo, but a wider attempt to rewrite the history of liberal democracies and the principles they are meant to uphold. He who controls the past controls the future. He who controls the present controls the past George Orwell I agree that acceptance of opinion is important but there is also something weirdly 21st century and post-modern about denying that some level of factual evidence is important in terms of basing one’s belief. After all, the main issue with wokism is not that it seeks to impose evidence based thinking, but rather it closes itself to such thinking, on matters such as the heritability of intelligence, for example or on sexual dimorphism in humans. I remember in the podcast with Tom Holland you suggested that the interpretation of the Anglo-Saxon settlement as being an admixture of the host population with an immigrant elite was ‘woke’ but as Tom Holland correctly pointed out, this is simply based on genetic evidence not a political statement. Now how you interpret that genetic evidence is one thing, but the simple genetic data suggests that the pre-Roman population of Britain simply wasn’t wiped out and whatever happened (and we don’t really know) the simple narrative simply didn’t happen. Of animals, he classified nine species of mammalia, and five of ovipara. Among the former is a small kind of rein-deer, the elk, the moose, the horned bear, and the biped beaver. The last resembles the beaver of the earth in every other respect than in its destitution of a tail, and its invariable habit of walking upon only two feet. It carries its young in its arms like a human being, and moves with an easy gliding motion. GREAT ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES Lately Made, The Sun, Thursday, August 27, 1835