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Doddington exploited the labor of enslaved Africans to raise her status in the community, increase her economic standing, and cement her position as a free woman, but she also undermined the practice of slavery through the conditional manumission of her captives on her death. Walker argues that the high mortality rates on the island prevented men from favoring male property holders in their wills. Whether as brutal enslavers or ranchers, women in Jamaica contributed to the prosperity of the colony in ways that would have appalled gendered and social sensibilities in the metropole, thus pointing to ways in which colonial life was not bound by the traditional gendered norms in Europe. Christine Walker, an Assistant Professor of History at the Yale-NUS College in Singapore and the author of the award-winning book, Jamaica Ladies: Female Slaveholders and the Creation of Britain’s Atlantic Empire, leads us on an investigation of female slave holder-ship in 17th and 18th-century Jamaica.Chapter 4 challenges this view with its discussion of equity—an alternative set of procedures to common law that were designed to shield individual property rights—and marriage settlements. As Christine Walker demonstrates, free and freed women--always reliant on enslaved labor for their commercial and agricultural pursuits and household services--enjoyed personal benefits while both entrenching slavery and challenging the binary distinction between black and white. They are no longer the only Caribbean team to qualify for the Women’s World Cup, but Jamaica’s Reggae Girlz will be the first from the region to make a second consecutive appearance at the finals.

Starting in the 1670s, a surprisingly large and diverse group of women helped secure English control of Jamaica and, crucially, aided its developing and expanding slave labour regime by acquiring enslaved men, women, and children to protect their own tenuous claims to status and independence. The first systematic study of free and freed “handmaidens of empire” born in Britain, Africa, and Jamaica, Jamaica Ladies is a richly detailed monograph that seeks to rectify the historiographical lacuna that leaves women’s roles in British Atlantic slavery underexamined (p.com is running previews from two countries each day in the run-up to the tournament kicking off on 20 July. Since some of her own children were enslaved people, Keyhorne had almost certainly also been enslaved for part of her life. The team's first supplier was Italian manufacturer Lanzera in 1995 before it merged with Kappa a year later.